• In prostate cancer PCa glucose metabolism plays a

  2022-03-16

  

  In prostate cancer (PCa), glucose metabolism plays a major role in progression [14]. Androgens can activate the metabolic regulator AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), promoting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) [15]. Besides, androgens increase GLUT1 [16], which overproduction has been described in the m

• br Introduction Glucose homeostasis is primarily regulated b

  2022-03-16

  

  Introduction Glucose homeostasis is primarily regulated by the hormones insulin and glucagon, secreted from the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Although insulin produced by β Metaphit is the blood glucose-lowering hormone, glucagon secreted from α cells acts as the major counter-regulatory horm

• Cx has been shown to

  2022-03-16

  

  Cx45 has been shown to be serine phosphorylated by CaMKII, CK1, PKA, and MAPK in HeLa BIX 02189 receptor [77], [78]. Phosphorylation by PKA and MAPK were associated with decreased junctional conductance [78], suggesting that phosphorylation of Cx45 may influence conduction properties. Overall, the

• To date types of glucose transport

  2022-03-16

  

  To date, 14 types of glucose transport protein have been discovered, each having its own specific functions with different distributions [33]. Among these, GLUT4 is particularly important for maintaining glucose metabolism homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, since it is involved in glucose transpor

• In Apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii isopreno

  2022-03-15

  

  In Apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii isoprenoids are biosynthesized through the DOXP/MEP pathway as illustrated in Scheme 2. In addition, T. gondii possesses a bifunctional FPPS/GGPPS (TgFPPS) that is able to catalyze the formation of both FPP and GGPP.5, 6 The FPPS gene appears to be

• There has been conflicting evidence on the

  2022-03-15

  

  There has been conflicting evidence on the possible receptor mechanisms that mediate the neuro-immuno-modulatory effects of FAAH substrates. Evidence from in vitro studies indicates that AEA-mediated modulation of TLR4-induced neuroinflammation may be mediated by CB1/CB2 receptor dependent (Correa e

• Case report A yr old Caucasian female

  2022-03-15

  

  Case report A 66-yr-old Caucasian female presented to Raigmore Hospital in Inverness, Scotland for orthopaedic surgery, specifically a trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition and extensor pollicis longus realignment after a diagnosis of bilateral pantrapezial osteoarthri

• br The hedgehog signalling pathway The canonical Hh

  2022-03-15

  

  The hedgehog signalling pathway The canonical Hh pathway is a conserved, highly complex signalling cascade, with many players and intricate regulation. However, it can be simplified into four fundamental components: i) the ligand Hh, ii) the receptor Patched (Patch [PTCH1]), iii) the signal trans

• Hypoxia has been shown to affect

  2022-03-15

  

  Hypoxia has been shown to affect miR-155 expression that can induce autophagy in nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinoma cells [334]. Suppression of miR-155 inhibited hypoxia-induced autophagy. miR-155 targeted mRNAs involved in the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1 pathway including: Ras homolog enriched in Octre

• br Introduction Few decades after of HIV

  2022-03-15

  

  Introduction Few decades after of HIV/AIDS diagnosis, it has been still a health problem and impact will continue in the next decades. In 2015, HIV/AIDS was the 12th cause of death in the world and it's estimated that 1.2 million people was died of HIV/AIDS this year. In the global epidemiologica

• Long non coding RNAs lncRNAs

  2022-03-14

  

  Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are mRNA-like transcripts of greater than 200 nucleotides (nt), with little or no protein-coding potential [13,14]. LncRNAs have been suggested to participate in transcription and post-transcription regulation as scaffolds, guides, decoys or repressors, activators, and

• br Introduction The alternative splicing of pre mRNA

  2022-03-14

  

  Introduction The alternative splicing of pre-mRNA is essential for generating multiple matured mRNAs from a single gene by selectively removing introns. Neural treat show many examples of regulated alternative splicing events, which produce structural changes in proteins important for the develo

• Assuming thus a positive signal for both GLUT and

  2022-03-14

  

  Assuming thus a positive signal for both GLUT1 and GLUT3 in our conditions, a more detailed explanation of the results observed through immunocytochemistry is needed. In this way, it must be reminded that syncytiotrophoblasts compose the outer layer of the trophoblast, are in direct contact with mat

• Zebularine To date three GAL subtype receptors have

  2022-03-14

  

  To date, three GAL subtype receptors have been cloned and characterized, GALR1, GALR2 and GALR3. However, it is unknown which one(s) of the three subtype receptors in Zebularine is most effective to regulate insulin resistance in diabetic rats as yet. Recent studies fromanimalmodels of diabetes and

• br Conflict of interest br Introduction Colorectal

  2022-03-14

  

  Conflict of interest Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC), characterized by high prevalence in elderly people, is one of the most common cancers of digestive tract. CRC severely affects human health and causes enormous social and economic burdens [[1], [2], [3]]. Although public health awarene

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